10,893 research outputs found
ESG volatilities through crises in the world’s happiest country
Abstract. There have been recently many adverse events happened to the financial world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, the rise in inflation from 2021 to 2022, Ukraine war in 2022, and the current global recession. In the world’s happiest country Finland, ESG Sustainable Investing is so popular that it has become one of the most favourable research topics here. However, is it worth to consistently invest in ESG entities in Finland, especially in crises?
This paper has examined the daily return series of Finland stock market index (OMX Helsinki 25), the actively managed mutual fund EVLI Finland Select, and 61 Finnish companies from 1.1.2015 to 5.5.2022. The econometric models of ARCH, GARCH, or EGARCH have been applied to estimate the variance and the conditional volatility of all observations. As a result, it can be concluded that the Finnish market benchmark OMXH25 was more efficient and less volatised than not only most of the ESG companies, but also the EVLI Finland Select in crises. Considering the ESG Combined Scores 2020 from Refinitiv Eikon, a highly scored ESG company seemed not to volatilise better than a lower ranking one in Finland for this period
Scalar sextet in the 331 model with right-handed neutrinos
A Higgs sextet is introduced in order to generate Dirac and Majorana neutrino
masses in the 331 model with right-handed neutrinos. As will be seen, the
present sextet introduction leads to a rich neutrino mass structure. The
smallness of neutrino masses can be achieved via, for example, a seesaw limit.
The fact that the masses of the charged leptons are not effected by their new
Yukawa couplings to the sextet is convenient for generating small neutrino
masses.Comment: RevTeX4, 5 pages, no figure. To appear in Phys. Rev. D. Misprints
removed (v.2
Sexual decision making in the absence of choice: The African American female dating experience.
Although links between low mate availability and increased HIV and STI risk for African American women have been documented in the literature, we know little about the impact of limited mate choices on the quality of relationships between Black men and women and how these relationship dynamics impact risk for young Black women. We conducted a qualitative study with African American female young adults (N=12) to explore the perceived impact of structural forces on African American female young adults’ dating and sexual behavior. Participants reported (1) perceptions of Black men as untrustworthy and manipulative, (2) the limited and often negative roles for Black men in the larger Black community, and (3) heterosexual relationships in the Black community as increasingly influenced by economics and commerce. Recommendations for HIV prevention interventions that include micro and macro level approaches are discussed
Context-driven Policies Enforcement for Edge-based IoT Data Sharing-as-a-Service
Sharing real-time data originating from connected devices is crucial to real-world intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) applications, i.e., based on artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML). Such IoT data sharing involves multiple parties for different purposes and is usually based on data contracts that might depend on the dynamic change of IoT data variety and velocity. It is still an open challenge to support multiple parties (aka tenants) with these dynamic contracts based on the data value for their specific contextual purposes.This work addresses these challenges by introducing a novel dynamic context-based policy enforcement framework to support IoT data sharing (on-Edge) based on dynamic contracts. Our enforcement framework allows IoT Data Hub owners to define extensible rules and metrics to govern the tenants in accessing the shared data on the Edge based on policies defined with static and dynamic contexts. We have developed a proof-of-concept prototype for sharing sensitive data such as surveillance camera videos to illustrate our proposed framework. The experimental results demonstrated that our framework could soundly and timely enforce context-based policies at runtime with moderate overhead. Moreover, the context and policy changes are correctly reflected in the system in nearly real-time.acceptedVersio
Optimal Pricing Effect on Equilibrium Behaviors of Delay-Sensitive Users in Cognitive Radio Networks
This paper studies price-based spectrum access control in cognitive radio
networks, which characterizes network operators' service provisions to
delay-sensitive secondary users (SUs) via pricing strategies. Based on the two
paradigms of shared-use and exclusive-use dynamic spectrum access (DSA), we
examine three network scenarios corresponding to three types of secondary
markets. In the first monopoly market with one operator using opportunistic
shared-use DSA, we study the operator's pricing effect on the equilibrium
behaviors of self-optimizing SUs in a queueing system. %This queue represents
the congestion of the multiple SUs sharing the operator's single \ON-\OFF
channel that models the primary users (PUs) traffic. We provide a queueing
delay analysis with the general distributions of the SU service time and PU
traffic using the renewal theory. In terms of SUs, we show that there exists a
unique Nash equilibrium in a non-cooperative game where SUs are players
employing individual optimal strategies. We also provide a sufficient condition
and iterative algorithms for equilibrium convergence. In terms of operators,
two pricing mechanisms are proposed with different goals: revenue maximization
and social welfare maximization. In the second monopoly market, an operator
exploiting exclusive-use DSA has many channels that will be allocated
separately to each entering SU. We also analyze the pricing effect on the
equilibrium behaviors of the SUs and the revenue-optimal and socially-optimal
pricing strategies of the operator in this market. In the third duopoly market,
we study a price competition between two operators employing shared-use and
exclusive-use DSA, respectively, as a two-stage Stackelberg game. Using a
backward induction method, we show that there exists a unique equilibrium for
this game and investigate the equilibrium convergence.Comment: 30 pages, one column, double spac
Output-based aid for delivering WASH services in Vietnam: ensuring sustainability and reaching the poor
Output-Based Aid is now being increasingly used and is recognized as one of the key financing mechanisms to expand targeted access to basic services for the poor and ensure sustainability. Since 2007, East Meets West (EMW), an international non-governmental organization (INGO) headquartered in USA, has been scaling up the OBA approach in the WASH sector in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. This briefing paper is to examine the lessons learned from the implementation of this output-based rural water supply, sanitation, and hygiene programs in Vietnam, the first of its kind in the country
Ruin Theory for Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in LTE-U Networks
LTE in the unlicensed band (LTE-U) is a promising solution to overcome the
scarcity of the wireless spectrum. However, to reap the benefits of LTE-U, it
is essential to maintain its effective coexistence with WiFi systems. Such a
coexistence, hence, constitutes a major challenge for LTE-U deployment. In this
paper, the problem of unlicensed spectrum sharing among WiFi and LTE-U system
is studied. In particular, a fair time sharing model based on \emph{ruin
theory} is proposed to share redundant spectral resources from the unlicensed
band with LTE-U without jeopardizing the performance of the WiFi system.
Fairness among both WiFi and LTE-U is maintained by applying the concept of the
probability of ruin. In particular, the probability of ruin is used to perform
efficient duty-cycle allocation in LTE-U, so as to provide fairness to the WiFi
system and maintain certain WiFi performance. Simulation results show that the
proposed ruin-based algorithm provides better fairness to the WiFi system as
compared to equal duty-cycle sharing among WiFi and LTE-U.Comment: Accepted in IEEE Communications Letters (09-Dec 2018
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